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A brain-computer interface (BCI) establishes a direct output channel between the human brain and external devices. BCIs infer user intent via direct measures of brain activity and thus enable communication and control without movement. This book, authored by experts in the field, provides an accessible introduction to the neurophysiological and signal-processing background required for BCI, presents state-of-the-art non-invasive and invasive approaches, gives an overview of current hardware and software solutions, and reviews the most interesting as well as new, emerging BCI applications. The book is intended not only for students and young researchers, but also for newcomers and other readers from diverse backgrounds keen to learn about this vital scientific endeavour.

Human biochemistry --- Physiology of nerves and sense organs --- Neuropathology --- Surgery --- Electrical engineering --- Biotechnology --- medische biochemie --- neurologie --- bio-engineering --- hersenen --- neurochirurgie --- biotechnologie --- neurobiologie --- elektrische circuits --- Human-computer interaction

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This book is dedicated to Dr. Benjamin William Remondi for many reasons. The project of writing a Global Positioning System (GPS) book was con­ ceived in April 1988 at a GPS meeting in Darmstadt, Germany. Dr. Remondi discussed with me the need for an additional GPS textbook and suggested a possible joint effort. In 1989, I was willing to commit myself to such a project. Unfortunately, the timing was less than ideal for Dr. Remondi. Therefore, I decided to start the project with other coauthors. Dr. Remondi agreed and indicated his willingness to be a reviewer. I selected Dr. Herbert Lichtenegger, my colleague from the Technical University Graz, Austria, and Dr. James Collins from Rockville, Maryland, U.S.A. In my opinion, the knowledge of the three authors should cover the wide spectrum of GPS. Dr. Lichtenegger is a geodesist with broad experience in both theory and practice. He has specialized his research to geodetic astron­ omy including orbital theory and geodynamical phenomena. Since 1986, Dr. Lichtenegger's main interest is dedicated to GPS. Dr. Collins retired from the U.S. National Geodetic Survey in 1980, where he was the Deputy Director. For the past ten years, he has been deeply involved in using GPS technology with an emphasis on surveying. Dr. Collins was the founder and president of Geo/Hydro Inc. My own background is theoretically oriented. My first chief, Prof. Dr. Peter Meissl, was an excellent theoretician; and my former chief, Prof. Dr.mult. Helmut Moritz, fortunately, still is.

528.28 --- Astro-geodetic determination of position. Geographical coordinates. GPS --- Artificial satellites in navigation. --- Global Positioning System. --- 528.28 Astro-geodetic determination of position. Geographical coordinates. GPS --- Geografie --- Globale Navigatie. --- Geographical information systems --- Mathematical models --- Measurement --- computer applications --- Geophysics. --- Geographical information systems. --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Geographical Information Systems/Cartography. --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology --- GIS (Information systems) --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Earth sciences --- Physics --- Geography --- Systeme global de positionnement (gps)